Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing the trajectory of human societies, with significant implications for population structure, economic development, and social well-being. In Nigeria—the most populous country in Africa, characterized by rapid population growth, a predominantly youthful demographic, accelerating urbanization, and persistent infrastructural challenges—AI presents both transformative opportunities and critical risks. This paper examines the role of AI in addressing Nigeria’s population-related challenges, including healthcare delivery, urban planning, education, and sustainable resource management. It also explores ethical concerns such as algorithmic bias, data